Fuzzy coprimary submodules

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and let $M$ be a non-zero unitary $R$-module. The concept of fuzzy coprimary submodule as a dual notion of fuzzy primary one will be introduced and some of its properties will be studied. Among other things, the behavior of this concept with respect to fuzzy localization formation and fuzzy quotient will be examined

A case-control study of the relationship between gastric cancer and meat consumption in Iran

Background: Despite the descending trends of gastric cancer in many parts of the world, its mortality rate has still remained high globally. Meat, red and processed meat in particular, may induce gastric carcinogenesis through potential mechanisms. However, the role of this dietary aspect in the risk of gastric cancer has not well been investigated so far. Therefore, we designed a study to assess the relation between meat consumption and the risk of gastric cancer in Golestan Province, a high- risk area for gastric malignancies in Iran. Methods: Subjects of this population-based case-control study included 190 histologically confirmed case so fgastric cancer and 647 controls. Meat consumption was evaluated using a 116-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A lifestyle questionnaire also collected data concerning demographic features, anthropometric measures, and other known risk factors of gastric cancer. We estimated crude and adjust edoddsratios(ORs) and 95 confidence intervals (CIs) for the relation between meat intake and gastric cancer. Results: After being adjusted for potential confounders, red meat intake was positively associated with gastric cancer which reached statistical significance (OR=1.87, 95 CI: 1.01-3.47, Ptrend = 0.07). On the other hand, individuals in the highest quartile of white meat consumption had astatistically significant reduced risk of gastric cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.36, 95 CI: 0.19-0.68, Ptrend = 0.005). Conclusions: We observed a positive association between red meat consumption and the risk of gastric cancer, and a reverse relationship regarding white meat intake and the risk of this malignancy

PERKEMBANGAN LARVA DALAM EMBRIOGENESIS KARANG Acropora HASIL PEMIJAHAN EX-SITU

Fertilization and larval development determine the coral population survivalof species, which has adifference characteristic of embryogenesis. This research wasaimed to compare the embryo and larvaldevelopment spawned in November 2011 in Grear Barrier Reef, Australia.Embryonic cellsdevelopment wereobserved in interval timesfrom one cell of egg tomulticellular stage (prawnchip), and larval developmentobserved from the prawnchip stageto the planulae.The results showed the development of embryos and larvaesignificantly differed between two species, i.e. embryos and larvae of Acropora millepora grew faster thanA.tenuis. The maximum size of planulae larvae of A. millepora (800-1000 μm) is biggerthan A. tenuis (650-900μm). Embryo and larvae development were different due to species variability, hence this reseach can beadapted for laboratory proccess of coral larvae nursery. Keywords: embryo, planulae, Acropora millepora, A. Tenui

Perkembangan Larva dalam Embriogenesis Karang Acropora Hasil Pemijahan Ex-situ

Fertilization and larval development determine the coral population survivalof species, which has adifference characteristic of embryogenesis. This research wasaimed to compare the embryo and larvaldevelopment spawned in November 2011 in Grear Barrier Reef, Australia.Embryonic cellsdevelopment wereobserved in interval timesfrom one cell of egg tomulticellular stage (prawnchip), and larval developmentobserved from the prawnchip stageto the planulae.The results showed the development of embryos and larvaesignificantly differed between two species, i.e. embryos and larvae of Acropora millepora grew faster thanA.tenuis. The maximum size of planulae larvae of A. millepora (800-1000 μm) is biggerthan A. tenuis (650-900μm). Embryo and larvae development were different due to species variability, hence this reseach can beadapted for laboratory proccess of coral larvae nursery

Serum hyaluronate as a non-invasive marker of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B

Background: HBV infection is a serious global heath problem. It is crucial to monitor this disease more closely with a non-invasive marker in clinical trials. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum hyaluronate for the presence of extensive liver fibrosis and inflammation. Methods: 28 healthy volunteers and 65 patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. Liver biopsies scored according to Ishak system. Association of serum hyaloronate with liver fibrosis and inflammation were assessed, and cut off points for serum hyaluronate levels were identified by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and their values for prediction of fibrosis and inflammation were assessed. Results: In patients with CHB serum hyaluronate had the most significant correlation and predictive values for the liver fibrosis and inflammation comparing to the other variables. At the cut off point of 126.4 ngm/ml it could discriminate extensive fibrosis from milder ones with sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 98.1%. With the same value it could discriminate extensive inflammation from their milder counterparts with sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 92.6%. Conclusion: Serum hyaluronate was the best predictor of extensive liver fibrosis and inflammation and it could discriminate subgroups of patients with chronic hepatitis B. It could be used as a non-invasive test to monitor these patients more closely with developing anti viral agents in clinical trials

Annular Flow Modelling and Advanced Well Completions Design Optimisation in Oil Rim Reservoirs

The inflow control device completion has proved to be an effective solution to mitigate water and gas breakthrough and coning problems. One of the major parameters affecting the ICD completion's performance is annular flow, the flow of the fluid in the space between the base pipe and the sand-face. The importance of annular flow on the ICD completion was addressed by many researchers. However, there was lack of an analytical annular flow model to integrate the effect of all parameters important contributing to the annular flow. In this study a comprehensive annular flow modelling and ICD completion design using a reservoir simulation model are presented. The results of the study show that ICD completions mitigate the heel-toe effect which is resulted from an improper well configuration. A sufficiently high strength ICD completion reduces the dependency of the annulus pressure to the flowing pressure along tubing itself i.e. reducing the heel-toe effect. This results in minimising the annular flow even with no need of annular flow isolation (AFI) tools like swellable packers. AFI installation would be less necessary in homogenous reservoirs when an appropriate ICD completion design, which could be determined by the analytical annular flow equations, was used

Microhabitat Preference of Seastar in Hari Island Waters, Southeast Sulawesi

The objective of this study was to explore the information on the microhabitat preference of asteroidea in Hari Island Waters, Southeast Sulawesi. The specimens were collected in August 2012 and December 2012. The methods used in this study were road sampling technique, freehandpicking, and observation. The geographical coordinate position of the asteroidea and microhabitat were recorded by using GPS and then mapped by using the ArcGIS 10.1. Asteroidea map was overlayed with microhabitat map to determine the microhabitat preference. The study found 9 species of asteroidea belonging to 7 generas, 4 families, and 2 orders. All the asteroidea were relatively common species in the tropical shallow waters. The species were distributed along sides of the island with majority found in the northern side. The dominant species, Linckia laevigata, was found in all microhabitat which had beed adapted to various microhabitat conditions and water fluctuation. Based on area of distribution and population density, seastar tended to use reef coral as its microhabitat preference since reef coral could serve as a food source and habitat protection